Medical Research
Medical scientists typically do the following:
- Design and conduct studies investigating human diseases and methods to prevent and treat them.
- Prepare and analyze medical samples and data to investigate causes and treatment of toxicity, pathogens, or chronic diseases.
- Standardize drug potency, doses, and methods to allow for the mass manufacturing and distribution of drugs and medicinal compounds.
- Create and test medical devices.
- Develop programs that improve health outcomes in partnership with health departments, industry personnel, and physicians.
- Write research grant proposals and apply for funding from government agencies and private sources.
- Follow procedures to avoid contamination and maintain safety.
Many medical scientists form hypotheses and develop experiments with little supervision. They often lead teams of technicians and, sometimes, students who perform support tasks. For example, a medical scientist working in a university laboratory may have undergraduate assistants take measurements and make observations for the scientist’s research.
Job Market: The projected percent change in employment from 2020 to 2030. The average growth rate is 17% (Much faster than average).
Base Salary: $91,510 per year $43.99 per hour
Prerequisites
Medical scientists typically need a Ph.D. or medical degree. Applicants to either of these programs typically need a bachelor's degree in biology, chemistry, or a related field. Undergraduate students benefit from taking a broad range of classes, including life sciences, physical sciences, and math. Students also typically take courses that develop communication and writing skills, because they must learn to write grants effectively and publish their research findings
Medical scientists often continue their education with postdoctoral work. This provides additional and more independent lab experience, including experience in specific processes and techniques, such as gene splicing. Often, that experience is transferable to other research projects.
Preparation Outside the Classroom
Medical scientists often begin their careers in temporary postdoctoral research positions or in medical residency. During their postdoctoral appointments, they work with experienced scientists as they continue to learn about their specialties or develop a broader understanding of related areas of research. Graduates of M.D. or D.O. programs may enter a residency program in their specialty of interest. A residency usually takes place in a hospital and varies in duration, generally lasting from 3 to 7 years, depending on the specialty. Some fellowships exist that train medical practitioners in research skills. These may take place before or after residency.
Postdoctoral positions frequently offer the opportunity to publish research findings. A solid record of published research is essential to getting a permanent college or university faculty position.
Applying
Although it is not a requirement for entry, many medical scientists become interested in research after working as a physician or surgeon, or in another medical profession, such as dentist.